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Prague Offensive
The Prague Offensive ((ロシア語:Пражская стратегическая наступательная операция) Prague Strategic Offensive) was the last major Soviet operation of World War II in Europe. The offensive, and the battle for Prague, was fought on the Eastern Front from 6 May to 11 May 1945. This battle for the city is particularly noteworthy in that it ended after the Third Reich capitulated on 8 May 1945. This battle is also notable in that it was fought concurrently with the Prague Uprising.
The city of Prague was ultimately liberated by the USSR during the Prague Offensive. All of the German troops of Army Group Centre (''Heeresgruppe Mitte'') and many of Army Group Ostmark (formerly known as Army Group South) were killed or captured, or fell into the hands of the Allies after the capitulation.〔Under the laws of war at that time there was a distinction between those captured and those who "() into the power" of the enemy after a mass capitulation. The 1929 Geneva Convention only covered those who were captured during the fighting not those who fell into the power of an enemy following a mass capitulation (See Disarmed Enemy Forces). This was explicitly changed in the Third Geneva Convention (1949)〕 The capitulation of Army Group Centre was nine days after the fall of Berlin and three days after Victory in Europe Day.
==Background==
By the beginning of May 1945, Germany had been decisively defeated by the coalition of the Western Allies and the Soviet Union. Germany's capital, Berlin, was on the verge of capitulation in the face of a massive Soviet attack and the great bulk of Germany had been conquered. There remained one large concentration of German troops (over 1,000,000 men in two army groups) in southeastern Germany and Czechoslovakia. These troops were Army Group Centre and the remnants of Army Group Ostmark. Confronting this German concentration on the northern, eastern, and southern flanks were the 1st, 4th, and 2nd Ukrainian Fronts of the Soviet Army.
To the west of the German forces were elements of the U.S. First and Third Armies. The U.S. forces were destined to play only a peripheral role in the events of the Prague Operation as there was a demarcation line in western Czechoslovakia beyond which the U.S. forces were not to advance by prior agreement with the Soviet Union.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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